2010年11月30日星期二
The Ming and Qing dynasties Hakka help guilds _ world merchants Assembly
The Ming and Qing dynasties, with the continuous development of Hakka businessmen and business of growing and prosperity, they are all inside and outside the province and foreign business cities and towns have their own district social organization, the name Association. Now be build Guild, organizational structure and functions as follows: 1. Guild organizational development theory, the Guild was developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties a kind of social organization that is rooted in the traditional market economy of scale, population movements and flows frequently, merchants who keep on being an economic and social environment, integration of features and mobile community. It is both a social change of the Ming and Qing dynasties, also as an update to the traditional social structure plays a certain role. Specifically, the Guild is the flow of the Ming and Qing dynasties settled in combination or have engaged in commercial, handicraft and other activities of people voluntarily established the nature of an association or society, the nature and effect of the Community industry. Created by businessman, known as fellow Guild guilds. In Sichuan to establish Hakka guilds called "South China Palace". Therefore, the guilds is for fellow traders together activities of public places, also known as "Hall", the so-called "Hall, set Yap people stand Hall also", "Guild Hall located in the city of chan, for the ' Guild. "Ka ying, businessmen founded in Suzhou, jiaying Hall at Suzhou people call it" will sell this room and Guangdong Ka Ying Fu Lian Shang Yang Zhong Shi as the Hall ". Therefore, the Guild is the economic development of the Ming and Qing commodity currencies, where business flourish and travel quests of the City Hall, the Hall can stand. Footprint of Hakka businessmen all over the world, in Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, Sichuan, Guangzhou, Shantou, Malaysia, Singapore, Canada, United States, and both have their own guilds. Whereas the establishment of the Guild in Sichuan is referred to as the "South China Palace". Now browse to the data, the Hakka businessmen at home and abroad to establish a list of guilds as follows, to see. The table above represent the Hakka businessmen Association, of course, some names, but you can see that has a strong commercial in nature. At the same time can be seen, Ming and Qing dynasties, meixian County, xingning, Pingyuan, jiaoling, Tai Po, fengshun, Huiyang County Hakka businessmen in national and foreign business areas and countries associated cities have established their own District Association, in order to contact land, solidarity, mutual support and mutual development and trade. 2. the Association's organizational structure, the organizational structure of the guilds, generally is similar to the "Church" and "gang" and "Fu" and other subsidiary bodies, in order to set the "Church" is most common. If boluo County Hakka guilds has Bo Sin Tong; United States San Francisco and the Guild has to be the Centre etc. Guild leaders around the appellation, Beijing and the Guild in the province generally referred to as the "first matter"; Suzhou, Shanghai called "Director" or "guest", a ten-year reign (1805) bear monument jiaying Hall, Director of the King of Thailand Pavilion, and note a subordinate Cheng rural County (now Meizhou City) of Prime Minister Li Jun, xingning County premier team Huang, Pingyuan County Premier Huang Chun-Yin, Changle County (now wuhua County) Premier Wen-xiang qi. Here's the Prime Minister seems to be the Guild leaders of subordinate County, should, under the leadership of the Director to assist directors management is home to the Congregation of the matter. Sichuan's Guild (South China Palace), more known as "guest", the so-called "Renaissance more County and belongs to a room, Hall, the Hall is equipped with the passenger and long", such as rongchang County Hall of Chen Chang, ancient years (1851-1861), was a guest of Hakka Guild and the family of the Minister to the Prime Minister. Overview Hall of visitors long shu services, such as worship, rules, education, etc., as fellow congregation row interference problem-solving, mediation Association and the disputes between the mainlanders, maintain law and order from the Congregation. Overseas country club leaders appellation, United States have called furnace master, Dong, the Prime Minister, the President and the like; Malaysia, Indonesia and so called "Director". Guild leaders are generally implemented by election and tenure system, in General, we are choosing seniority, reputation, capital of the congregation to perform. In Singapore, Malaysia Hakka guilds in the election of the President, you need to have your own house or shop, and can lead to donate a large sum of money as the Guild organizes various activities. And this election also has a strong religious overtones. On the day of the election of the President of the Assembly Hall, the congregation to the Guild, the name of the candidate President participated in the note, then drag the note rolled up into one box, each time checking out a slip of paper, take a "gao" in the Hall before throwing God progenitor, if "gao" fall into a plane and a convex, which is thought to have God bless, if three consecutive identical, then the paper is written in the candidate shall be deemed to be a supernatural being, that is, on the spot in the Hall before the Congregation announced that its name and became the President of the Assembly Hall. Elected President of the Guild Hall in term of celebration donated to output set a good example. This election really exclusive economic low congregation was elected as the President of the Guild leaders. So that elect the President of the Association is in fact a rich businessman. Malaysia's TIO, jiaying, five genera (meixian, jiaoling, xingning, wuhua, Pingyuan) natives of Guild, the leading all-Malaysia port 21 affiliated association, the governing body is the City Hall took turns in value year (one year). Any values, the Guild is an Association of Malaysia's offices, value, the President of the General Assembly Hall, financial, audit, Secretary General of the Council to be the lead agency. Held annually each port's TIO's Congress, to report to the General Assembly through the work and research. The Guild's annual funding will also be responsible for the value, the Guild, as necessary, to resolve the Club with the donation. 3. Hall features Hakka guilds of function has the following four aspects. �� Don land, with the village. This is a Guild for years party, banquet entertainment as the main form of a contact land features. Because those background, Hakka businessman businessmen, alone or offsite a resident abroad, lonely, are in great need of spiritual sustenance and psychological comfort, therefore, Don land of Club activities came into being, in line with human feelings. As in Sichuan Hakka guilds, "age, drama, Yan, used with the village. Years old often have various towns. "But Ka ying, Guild" since the fifteenth hair starts, until March break, silver tree, dance Pavilion ticket details song bench; nor roaming concept of ... Cheap workersProvince, and Le Outlook from, overnight, and Xiao-Fang casual. " �� maintenance business interests. Guild-wide contact hometown, to strengthen the unity of the Congregation, in view of the development of common protection, enhance strength, opportunities to expand business. It can be said that the Ming and Qing dynasties Hakka businessmen in domestic and foreign business trade, it is in the Hall under the banner of growing up. As the key to county records on the "road salt ... Dead city and Renaissance also build more affiliated provincial association, provincial differences, though without a border on the differences in the energy, to health, to help xiangyou, County, suicheng paradise binbin so. " �� worship God only. Guild is to worship God only and with the land. At the end of the Ming and Qing dynasties the feudal society, to the foreign businessman businessmen Hakka goddesses always hope for a fortune and peace bless. So enthusiastic about the establishment of the Congregation, Guildhall always want to sacrifice to the gods, ancestors and seek peace to be rich. The 18-year reign (1813) in Suzhou's Guild, in its Tablet note on spade: Hall, so generating drink prices, with fellow honors to even God's House. It is a city in southeastern Soviet. Five merchants gathered at the quests. Stores the filling, transactions. Therefore the provincial County cities were born, their trade to build Guild, respectful and worship the gods of the people who gather there, isatis Mu heavenly reward. Ray 22 years (1842), Hakka businessmen in Africa Mauritius building Guild, the Congregation bought the land, the rich contributions to local government for approval, in Port Louis, the construction of a temple dedicated to Guan Yu, and thus let businessman temple as "the". �� give charity. This is a Guild a won the Congregation welcomed feature. For example United States San Francisco established in 1885 and Guild and Yang and Hall, in the Constitution of the Guildhall in cite charity: cannot labor of the casualty and poverty without offering, the company (the Guild) funding their travel expenses to return to China, but the cost sicab and shall be resolved by the donor. Poor people killed, the company responsible for the coffin, the relics to be cautious in order to maintain. Member being compromised, the company should reward the murderer. Ancient reign (1851-1874), Sichuan counties of Hakka guilds together, taking eight provincial Hall induction Center features: 1. security issues; 2. charitable relief matters such as childcare, burial, rescue, disaster relief, relief, grain; 3. the public matters, such as repairing wharves, etc.; 4. commercial matters as established take, etc. Visible Guild merchants protect and development is very important. (Excerpt from the merchants ")
Southeast Asian style records (a) _ sand stuffed
A roar, I jumped into the sky, all the way to the South, beginning this year, another outbound travel. This is going to Singapore. Friends eager to end the offering cheap ticket information for Singapore Tiger airlines Web site (http://www.tigerairways.com/cn/cn/index.php) query to a cheap airline ticket. This is not an ordinary cheap air fares between Singapore only $ 1, plus additional costs such as fuel is thousand times. Like the free deluxe lunch, my friend and I regret at the booked this time more than six months after the departure of the flight. Visit our take is self-trip manner. Arrival after Singapore 08 friend of a friend's House, then friends of friends go on behalf of our purchase of Indonesia and Malaysia travel tickets, begin in four days of the departure of outbound travel. After the end of the journey back to Singapore, in Singapore small live a few days, and then return home, and will last for 11 days. Three countries are with South-East Asia style, particularly Indonesia Batam Island, Malaysia, Malacca more characteristics, Singapore's Chinatown is heard much praises. I will try to use text and camera to record their beauty, and share with your fellow friends and at every point. The travel team, three iron sister who became a missions. Courtesy of two sister, I leave the original unit is not a time for finding and I continue to watch over, that go beyond the general sentiments like kaoliang mountain spring waves. We made the journey of the sa thus will be recorded in the annals of friendship, at least liufang decades, let our evening many had some interesting experiences. In the evening to have Guangzhou's second sister, the evening also with two other sister had a dinner tomorrow and the addition of a sister. No. 22, we rally, taking off from Shenzhen Airport, towards Singapore formally. A few days before the road test tournament of depressed has gone, with heart full of hope and joy!
Most popular China Gaosansheng welcome overseas University (Asia) _ New-Zhejiang
Your entrance to the kind of overseas schools on? for the entrance examination of the first candidates: National University of Singapore world 30 bits of a hundred years old, is Singapore's oldest and most prestigious University Fu of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, ranked 70th in the world, the scientific and engineering disciplines of advantages internationally, Business School MBA global MBA ranking Chinese University of Hong Kong, 24-bit world is Hong Kong's oldest university, Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's first graduates for entrance examination for the second group of candidates: Korea Seoul National University, the only access to the world's top 50 Korea University Singapore five public Institute of ease of doing the "new" people, study abroad immigration correct private University Waseda University Japan friendship for the entrance examination of the third instalment and the following candidates: Korea Kyung Hee University international standards of the famous University, truly become the "world of Kyung Hee" Singapore administer College (SIM) to enter the world of prestigious Singapore cut-Kai Bo Kaplan higher education (Singapore) Singapore achievements of your future Malaysia Inti College Malaysia's top private universities in Singapore Institute of management development in one of the Singapore lasted the longest, most comprehensive schools recommended reading: the most popular Chinese �� gaosansheng welcomes overseas University (Canada) �� most popular Chinese Gaosansheng welcome overseas University (United Kingdom) �� most popular Chinese Gaosansheng welcome overseas University (Australia) �� most popular Chinese Gaosansheng welcome overseas universities (Europe) �� most popular Chinese Gaosansheng welcome overseas University (United States)
On the mm purse _bubble
Reprint: Mr. Andy Cheng Ding Xian-Ah-mo is the trade body _ wangjia Kun
2010-02-04 17: 48 in all cultures, all have a taboo: can't indignities don't people parent qing. �R, �R you why do all good; or where a large number of people-wideband macro, put your current �� child, fool, can not and anticipated traffic on your design. However, you cannot be the mother of �R, can't indignities qing someone's grandmother. In particular, Bristol's culture. �� and mo ', a God of St., inviolable, �C du. Nagant West, Bristol female come to ?r ��?��, is from the sale of the body. You insult a 600 million people who parent qing China and mo. Our ' mo not come here's body. Her we use pure �� 's raging soul to youth and life, blood, and they experience after a warming up, establish family, built from the creation of a country. This country, if not these ' mo, today will be very much of the same child? including my grandmother, my ' mo, Ms. Liu in front, is my life the most distinguished people. She is a woman of �p warming up. My grandfather from ?r Sofia, she is also home to the Fujian Yongchun, nutritious Yu Qing my parent. Wait until the live release: fixed after Grandpa, you go back to her and her dad band from here. This is to tell you that my ' mo, there are 600 million people-mo, bleaching and the ocean after the sea, not from the trade among here. Come to ?r Sofia, she dragged the small warming, "a personal family, also to advanced business services; Japanese military from committing, her band, the family fled difficult. Wait until the Council of the advantages of embryo, she đ identification and Japan's representations, the competition for the rights to do business; British people back to the future, she put the matter based on the highly Everbright business. Her friend to stay, as yourself. New year's day morning, she would be getting the device a shot of the package of �B �B, sent to the Oldsmobile mouth Pai Corps ?r, Indian children. She put a box and borrowed land, to a small closet Bristol brilliant school, digital decade no want to chase the group back to the future. 31 August in each year, she will find out the flag and conspiracy in the long course of long, tall ��. She falls �_ ?r Jaakko, here is the video for the home, and not the other one, the other a country. She died of carousel, there are more than friends family where �� ze come home and I notice here, condolences. Her efforts to Ming and the moral and perseverance coupled with Bristol female specific fluid band just, just in the vitality of a flexible, but it is superior to strictly abides to life. No one can insult her, said she is come here's body. My Ah-mo, and many of AHURA Mo, then ��. From Sofia to ?r ��?�� ?r, her newsletter we loose in every family, every corner of the world; from glue yard of cut glue woman to �V market goes �� woman, her company is the world's most difficult, and most come from the show. He took in the most personal of time generation-black, the most brilliant of the divine �` put wind of Bristol. She had we serve United Youth and life, only you and the home country. Even if she has no business in our world, she is our or our heart raging intellectual property attribute, it is our moral support. Nagant West, in addition to the legal line to pursue to the end of your mobile, you also will be Mr. Andy Cheng heavy like our ' mo apology, or she took a fair and clear. Star, report/?r-Ghani-author: Mr. Andy Cheng Ding Xian-2010.02.04
2009 international sea travel (commonly known as sea air hostesses) preferred admission, employment protection! _ Wang
2009 international sea travel (commonly known as sea air hostesses) national recruitment, and selection in the acceptance, well-paid job! 1��Basic and conditions 16-22 years of elementary and high school education female graduates, 2��open above (junior high school in school health reduces 2cm); features handsome, colour and temperament; symmetrical, character cheerful, behaved; facial, neck and hand no visible scars; articulate clear, hearing, mental illness, no history, no hepatitis chronic diseases. Second, training period two to four months in three , professional name international cruise crew of four, course schedule mainly tourism and hotel services, knowledge and skills, focusing on intensive English, especially the English learning and on trainees in etiquette, body training temperament, etc. 5. employment direction China Hong Kong, Malaysia, Italy, the United States and other international and domestic tourist routes. Post general managers, Deputy managers, Department heads, dealers, foreman, room attendants, waiters, receptionist, licensing coordinator, guided tours, cashier, cleaners and other posts and routes shall be based on individual ability and obey the company Ding gang. 6. work treatment 1, Hong Kong, Malaysia cruise: sea travel staff monthly income is $ 350-700. 2. United States Cruises: require fluent spoken English, sea take employee earning $ 800-1200, duties of sea travel personnel monthly income of us $ for 1000-1800. 3, Italy cruise: require fluent spoken English, sea by employees, revenues of $ 600-1000, has the duty of the sea by personnel monthly income of us $ for 1000-1800. 7. enrolment method card, residence booklet copies (do it on a piece of A4-size paper), the recent photos with 2 inch white base, to sign up for 8 tickets for an interview. After passing the interview to the designated hospital for examination after attending medical clearance in the basic cultural test test after passing the sea, signed with the owner take trainees weipei employment management agreement, shall be paid to the company at RMB 16800 training fees and administrative costs, the company and the company unity to the appropriate institutions and companies in the maritime training institutions for systematic, regular cruises crew ' vocational education and training.
Sabah �� we here! (7, return and review) _ enjoyed overlooking mother
July to large horse transport article _MASATO
Day3, slept to noon, lying in bed planning behind schedule, more and more wrong. Since the airlines system upgrade, is not allowed to sell tickets, Chengdu's staff to sell tickets to me is a fraud, then decided to go to the airport looking for staff. Find the ticket booth, two staff members, with poor English narrative a miserable experience. But after all there are obstacles to the Exchange, a few remarks down or no results. See the whole next to no Chinese, and he talked to seek help. The uncle was warm, understanding of the situation after use Malay as the staff al la, communicate with each other while I meant, but finally did not result, sent me to the service counter. Service counter is a bit can speak Chinese beauty, I gave her narrative out of context, while singing sighs I dream of Malaysia trip so didn't, and now it's time for me at the beautiful beach in the Sun of Sabah, not sleeping on the floor of the airport. This is not only monetary losses, but also mental torture, and you as a representative of the airlines, but also representatives of Malaysia external window. At this point, you should do is immediately helped me to arrange the next flight to Sabah, and is FREE to reduce my spiritual loss, help reduce my material losses. Otherwise, you'll see who sent me back to Chengdu and refunded my airfare as Chengdu staff not informed I cannot purchase information here, this is a deceptive behavior. HA, HA, HA, good is in Chinese, I should say smoothly. During the encounter with Chengdu missed the plane of two girls, they should turn to Colombo, listening is your trip all changes, is a cup! Cutie has arranged for the aircraft fly yabi half past four, arrival time at seven or so. Such a result is happy, just three days and three nights in the island tour, became a days and two nights. The aircraft landed at the airport, the airport yabi T2 is built on the beach, watching the aircraft slowly near sea level, the sudden appearance of a piece of land, so my first such close proximity to the sea, a wave of excitement. A taxi to the hotel, where the bus system is not developed, basic or taxi, cry poor again. The hotel is set in network and is also the TuneHotle Asia following cheap hotels, discount 20RMB day at that time. 1Borneo shopping centre next to the hotel, daily free shuttle bus to the city centre, the oldest one is starting from nine 1 Borneo. Put things in the hotel, you immediately ran to the 1Borneo shopping, preparing for the next day to the beach and food, suntan oil, adorning the bread, take the bottle feeding the fish, and so on. A few days have been busy, no time to take pictures, to be continued ... Old Town WhiteCoffee face line 9.5 Ma bi, selling almost anyway these, especially the Penang noodles, just a few spices to change, are acid and hot spicy, great love. Orange ice water 4 Ma bi, wanted to try the signboards of coffee, what, but this looks a little fresh. Yesterday evening, bought a large box of milk is mango, actually can have security zone on the plane, Asia is the supply of food, drink to their band is the bought on the plane. More to the East, the sooner the Sun, at the moment; and should be around seven, far away is the sea level. Watch the sunset on the plane, and hey! 1 Borneo is the best shopping malls yabi, just nothing magnificent high cards, CKJ and MNG is 3%.
Find an excuse to Labuan (Labuan) _ Zhao Kui
(Labuan) "TITLE =" get a excuses to Labuan (Labuan) "/> mosque Labuan Labuan is located in the westernmost area of Sabah, a small island, Labuan is Malay fine port. Due to the special geographical position, Labuan is sea into Brunei's important transit point, it is contested terrain military strategist since ancient times, the Sultan of Brunei from the earliest to the person in the territory of the United Kingdom, Japan's occupation of the colonial, federal, and eventually joined the Malay is one of the big horse only three federal territory. Now in Labuan is Malaysia's famous free zones, there are numerous small islands and duty-free shops, signs of size while the chocolate on sale here also is a wide range of sea in Labuan and some World War II wrecks are all good Diving locations. With the Sarawak and Sabah, more and more attention by tourists, Labuan would gradually into everyone's sight, spend a day on a half day on the small island, when I walk down is also a good choice. Of course my train to Labuan reason neither shopping is not a dive, simply to satisfy yourself of vanity: Labuan is the last I set foot in Malaysia region before have already been to Malaysia all 13 counties and KL, Putrajaya two federal territory, leaving only a Labuan, now finally taste. In fact, Labuan and not much worth a look, even though the goods duty free, but some do not. The airport has a huge poster of Labuan square, very pretty, and went to take a look at the results, but jeers, the Mountain State mosque unique in form, it is very eye-catching. From KK to Labuan can take a boat or aircraft, maybe one day there are two classes of boat on the island, morning and afternoon classes for three hours boat ride. The most convenient or aircraft take-off to landing, as long as 20 minutes a day, four classes, air tickets and expensive than not. Labuan is very small, but the scale is small, the airport shortly afterwards can also be opened with the international routes, out of the airport taxi to Center Plaza to 12 Ma bi, there is time 3Km road can walk. (Labuan) "TITLE =" get a excuses to Labuan (Labuan) "/> LabuanSquare (Labuan)" TITLE = "get a excuses to Labuan (Labuan)"/> (Labuan) "TITLE =" get a excuses to Labuan (Labuan) "/> Labuan Street (Labuan)" TITLE = "get a excuses to Labuan (Labuan)"/> (Labuan) "TITLE =" get a excuses to Labuan (Labuan) "/> An'NurJamek State Mosque (Labuan)" TITLE = "get a excuses to Labuan (Labuan)"/> (Labuan) "TITLE =" get a excuses to Labuan (Labuan) "/> (Labuan)" TITLE = "get a excuses to Labuan (Labuan)"/> evening of Labuan in addition to strong wind would have indeed nothing (Labuan) "TITLE =" get a excuses to Labuan (Labuan) "/>